Treatises of the Constitutional Movement

More than a century after Iran’s Constitutional Revolution, extensive debates and discussions about this pivotal historical event continue. The Iranian society, which experienced a polarization between supporters and opponents during the constitutional era, remains on the same path. Even today, as Iran’s political system has moved beyond constitutionalism and embraced republicanism, whispers of seeking constitutionalism and opposition to the rule of law persist both theoretically and practically. The book “Treatises of the Constitutional Movement” includes the most important treatises from both supporters and opponents of the constitutional system, showcasing the thoughts and understandings of the activists of that time. The dialogue between Sheikh Fazlullah Nouri and Nazem al-Islam Kermani, featured in the book’s preface, exemplifies these confrontations: “Are these new schools against religious law? Does attending these schools coincide with the deterioration of Islam? Does studying foreign languages, chemistry, and physics weaken students’ beliefs? You established schools, wrote in newspapers promoting them, and now you have started advocating for constitutionalism and republicanism?” The treatises in this book present an unfiltered reflection of the thoughts of both proponents and opponents of the constitutional system and the rule of law.