The Divan of Khwaja Shams al-Din Muhammad Hafez Shirazi

In the book “Divan of Khwaja Shams al-Din Muhammad Hafez Shirazi,” the complete collection of Hafez’s poems and ghazals is included. Hafez’s ghazal combines romantic aspects, similar to Saadi’s ghazals, mystical dimensions, akin to the works of Attar, Rumi, and Iraqi, and the main purpose of a qasida, which is eulogy. Hence, Hafez’s poetry represents all three major poetic streams before him, and the hero of his poetry is simultaneously the beloved, the lover, and the praised. Hafez’s poetry, in its vertical axis, is mostly worldly and romantic or laudatory, while themes such as mysticism appear in its verbal axes. Those who interpret his poetry as mystical focus on the horizontal axis, treating his verses as independent entities.