The Modernization School and the Difficulties of Localization in Iran

This selectivity accompanied by simplification to follow partial sciences, that is, knowledge related to the governing laws of inanimate materials (minerals) and in its best and most complex form, in sciences related to “organic” materials such as biological and organic sciences, ignores that even in the laws of exact sciences, despite being simpler than social sciences, due to the ease and control of effective factors and the rarity and familiarity of those factors, it is still defined by “conventional conditions”. Ignoring conventional conditions or accepting some exceptions makes no sense, even if it is as simple as the “boiling water” law or the “expansion and contraction” law of bodies! When the laws of physical sciences, which are relatively simpler, depend so much on “conventional conditions,” then how can conventional conditions be ignored in theories related to society and culture? One meaning of the localization of social sciences can be understanding this simple point: that is, understanding the transformative and variable factors in “conventional conditions” on one or more social phenomena that enable a law to act forward or backward, enable the theory or generally the occurrence of it, or make it impossible.