Iranian Constitutionalism and Foreign Novel

In the public perception, the concept of the Constitutional Revolution is intertwined with the concept of political revolution that began in Iran in late 1323 AH (1904 AD) and ultimately succeeded in Rabi’ al-Thani 1324 AH (1906 AD). However, these events represent only the political aspect of the Constitutional Revolution and not its entirety. The Constitutional Revolution was a grand cultural, social, and political revolution, with its cultural dimension preceding the triumph of its political aspect. In the four-volume series “Iranian Constitutionalism and Foreign Novel,” which is part of the larger collection “Literature of the Constitutional Era,” the course of Iranians’ acquaintance with the literary transformations of the new world and the change in literary taste in the years before and after the Constitutional Revolution is examined. The four-volume series includes: 1- “The Indian Cottage” by Bernardin de Saint-Pierre, translated by Zaka-ol-Molk Foroughi; 2- “The Mark of a Child” by Adolphe d’Anery, translated by Habibollah Ein-ol-Molk; 3- “The Lame Spy” by William Watson, translated by A. Hashemi Haeri; 4- “The Last Day of a Condemned Man” by Victor Hugo, translated by Nasrollah Falsafi; 5- “The Story of a Condemned Man” by Alfred Hermann, translated by Yousef Etesami Etessam-ol-Molk; 6- “The City of the Blind” by H.G. Wells, translated by Reza Kalantari; 7- “Homer and the Iliad,” translated by Mahmoud Erfan; 8- “The Lady of the Lake” by Walter Scott, translated by Seyyed Mohammad Saeedi; 9- “Magdoline” by Alphonse Carre, translated by Seyyed Mohammad Reza Saeedi; and 10- “Graziella” by Lamartine, translated by Mohammad Ali Golshaian.