Freedom and Politics

The book “Freedom and Politics” by Mirza Abdulrahim Talibov Tabrizi includes two treatises by Talibov, collectively known as “Freedom and Politics.” One treatise is titled “Explanations on Freedom” and the other “Talibi Politics.” The author was among the first intellectuals to write in a simple and fluent language, abandoning the old and difficult style. This writing style is clearly evident in these two essays. The treatise “Explanations on Freedom” begins with a general definition of “freedom,” dividing it into individual and social aspects. The author then explains the conditions for achieving freedom, including moral security, the rule of law, and political education. The relationship between freedom, religious rights, and the limits of punishment in Islam is also discussed, emphasizing that unrestricted freedom leads to social chaos. At the end of this section, Talibov highlights the necessity of balancing individual freedom with public interests. In the treatise “Talibi Politics,” Mirza Talibov considers the ideal political system based on the principle of legislative and executive powers and elaborates on the duties of the National Consultative Assembly, the separation of powers, and the role of the king. The need for a constitution, judicial independence, freedom of the press, and peaceful assemblies are other key topics. According to Mirza Talibov, the absence of parliamentary institutions and the concentration of power in one person or tribe lead to despotism and administrative corruption. His views emphasize the legal and ethical prerequisites of a constitutional government. Overall, the language of the book is simple and comprehensible and, despite heavy philosophical and political topics, does not lack argumentation. The author provides examples from Iran’s political situation during the Qajar era and experiences of the constitutional movement, allowing readers to assess concepts within a historical context. This work remains one of the most recognized texts in the history of Iran’s political thought and has been frequently referenced in academic studies on constitutionalism and modernity.