Mirza Malek Khan Nazem al-Dowleh

Mirza Malek Khan Nazem al-Dowleh was born into a middle-class family in the town of Jolfa, now a district of Isfahan. His father, Mirza Yaghoub Sangati, was an Armenian from Jolfa who had converted to Islam. Malek Khan pursued his studies in France and, upon returning, frequently traveled to Europe on various political missions.